The UPSC CDS (Combined Defence Services) exam is a prestigious examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for recruitment into the Indian Armed Forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force. This competitive exam is held twice a year and serves as a gateway for candidates seeking to join the Indian Military Academy (IMA), Officers Training Academy (OTA), Naval Academy (NA), and Air Force Academy (AFA). The CDS exam aims to assess candidates' suitability for a career in the defense services by evaluating their knowledge, skills, and aptitude in various subjects. The exam consists of three papers for the IMA, NA, and AFA, which are English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. Each of these papers is designed to test different aspects of a candidate’s abilities. The English paper assesses comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary, while the General Knowledge paper evaluates current affairs, history, geography, and general awareness. The Mathematics paper tests numerical aptitude and problem-solving skills. For candidates applying to the OTA, the exam includes only the English and General Knowledge papers.

Eligibility criteria for the CDS exam include Indian citizenship and specific educational qualifications. For the IMA and NA, candidates must hold a Bachelor’s degree from a recognized university, while for the AFA, a degree in Engineering or a Bachelor's degree with Physics and Mathematics is required. The OTA requires a Bachelor’s degree in any discipline. Additionally, candidates must meet certain age and physical fitness standards as stipulated by the UPSC. The application process for the CDS exam is conducted online. Candidates must fill out the application form on the UPSC official website, providing personal details, educational qualifications, and uploading necessary documents. The application fee must be paid as per the instructions, and candidates should ensure they submit their forms before the deadline.

The exam pattern includes multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and is designed to test candidates’ knowledge across various subjects. Each paper has a specific duration, and the total marks are divided among the papers based on their weightage. Preparation for the CDS exam involves thorough study of the syllabus, regular practice of previous years' question papers, and taking mock tests. Candidates should focus on enhancing their knowledge in current affairs, improving their English language skills, and solving mathematical problems efficiently. Post-exam, successful candidates undergo an interview and a medical examination. The final selection is based on the combined results of the written test, interview, and medical assessment, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of each candidate’s suitability for a career in the defense services.